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VII

Goddesses of the seasons and time in ancient Greece. daughters of Zeus and Themis and sisters of the Fates and Nymphs who inhabited the river Eridanus in principle were personifications of phenomena natural, later, however, appear to be protective growth and prosperity worshiped in Athens with the names of Thall ( Θαλλώ ) Auxo ( Αὐξώ ) and Karp ( Καρπώ ), ie, as personifications of nature in spring, summer and autumn, respectively; in Hesiod, Theogony , 901 et seq., however, appear three in number as representatives of the Justice ( Δίκη ) of Peace ( Εἰρήνη ) and Legality ( Εὐνομία ) because monitor the actions of men and show the harmony and order in general . In this as in many other cases of Greek mythology, there is a gradual transition ranging from the purely physical to the ethical concepts and the influence of Hours in nature originally had subsequently moved to the human life in particular.

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αἳ ἔργ ὠρεύουσι καταθνητοῖσι βροτοῖσι , [...]

Hes. Theogony. 901

Also in Pseudo-Apollodorus :

With Themis, the daughter of Uranus, he [Zeus] fathered his daughters Hours, by name Eirene, Eunomia and Dike . Library 1.

13 were the first to receive Aphrodite in Cyprus and, after dressing, escorted to the Olympus , adorned with flowers Pandora, they are also cited as assistants of Helios even help Chloris at work, on the germination and flowering of the earth, regulating the seasons. In other myths the Pan see accompanying or in the entourage of Dionysus, god of rebirth of nature; according to the Orphic the hours, along with Thanks and Fates led to Persephone in his ascent from Hades in spring and, according to Pausanias were present at the birth of Athena .

Homer, without specifying their number or origin presents them as the guardians of the Heaven's Gate that close and open, clouds piling or scattering them to the Olympus . They were therefore supervisory climate, but rather the only ministers who had power over heaven, Zeus. Also dealt with horses Hera.

Ἥρη δὲ μάστιγι θοῶς ἐπεμαίετ ἄρ ἵππους: αὐτόμαται δὲ πύλαι μύκον οὐρανοῦ ἃς ἔχον Ὧραι, τῇς ἐπιτέτραπται μέγας οὐρανὸς Οὔλυμπός τε ἠμὲν ἀνακλῖναι πυκινὸν νέφος ἠδ᾽ ἐπιθεῖναι. τῇ ῥα δι᾽ αὐτάων κεντρηνεκέας ἔχον ἵππους: εὗρον But the gods Kroniona Ateron bility of the notified other akrotatῃ koryfῇ polydeirados Oulympoio.

Hom. Il. 5.749-755

La mitología las presenta como hermosas jóvenes adornadas con flores y frutos. Son amables y benevolentes , trayendo a dioses y hombres muchas cosas that are good and desirable.

As they were designed to promote the prosperity of all that grows, also appear as protectors of young people and infants between the gods and the oath the Athenian youths uttered in the temple of Aglauros in Ephebe mentions Thall and Auxo , among other gods . ( Pollux, VIII, 106 ):

not disgrace the sacred weapons that I have, do not abandon my comrade in struggle, will fight to defend the sanctuaries of the state, and convey to posterity a country not dwarfed, but larger, more powerful, to the extent of my strength and with the help of all. Obey magistrates, to the established laws and to institute appropriate fashion, if someone tried to lift them will prevent it with all my strength and with the help of all. Honor the religion of my fathers. Volume as witnesses to the gods: Aglauros, Hestia, Enyo, Enialio, Ares and Athena Areia, Zeus, Talo, Auxo, hegemonic, Heracles, the limits of the fatherland, the wheat, barley, vines, and Olives fig.

Finally, tempered their initial meaning, adopt a symbolic and allegorical and end up as subdivisions time. In fact, Alexandrian writers raised their number to twelve , ie as many as the times of the day and night, and considered daughters and Chronos Gea. Hyginus (Fables 183) produces a first list of nine hours, which can see a lot of confusion since mixes original names with epithets : Auxo (Αὐξώ), nymph of plants; Eunomia (Εὐνομία) the good order; Férousa (Φέρουσα), goddess of the substance and farms; Karp (Καρπώ), time fall; Dike (Δίκη), goddess of justice; Euporía (Εὐπορία), goddess of abundance; Eirene (Εἰρήνη), goddess of peace; Orthosia (Ὀρθωσία), goddess of prosperity; Thall (Θαλλώ), time of spring.

In a second list of eleven hours , to which was added after Arktos appear as minor gods guardians of time and agenda, ranging from the time just before sunrise after dark : Auges (Αὔγης), the first light; Anatol (Ἀνατολή), Dawn; Mousiké (Μουσική), the morning hour of music and study; Gymnasia (Γυμνασία), the morning hour of physical exercise; Nýmfe (Νύμφη), the time for ablutions; Mesembria (Μεσημβρία), noon; Sponda (Σπονδή), the time of libations; Telet (Τελετή), the first hour of work in the afternoon; Akte (Ἀκτή), the second hour work week; Hesperis (Ἑσπερίς), Sunset; DYSIS (Δύσις), sunset and Arktos (Ἄρκτος), the last light.

The Romans suggested four hours and daughters considered Helios and Selene .

Febo, covered with purple clothing, sat on a throne filled with brilliant emeralds. Right and left standing were the Day, Month, Year and Century, and the Hours, located at equal distance from each other, there was the young Spring, with a crown of flowers, the summer, i naked with a garland of ears of corn, the fall, grape-stained footsteps, and Winter, with his white hair bristling. Ovid, Metamorphoses , II, 24 et seq.

His cult spread throughout many regions of Greece , where there were temples and shrines hour special for . In Athens the honored by holding a special party called Ὡραία . Its also the ancient statues adorned Olimpia and temples in different cities.

[In the temple of Zeus at Megara:] Above the head of Zeus are the Hours and the Fates, and everyone can see that he is the only god obeyed by Fate and partitioning the stations properly . Pausanias, Description of Greece 1. 40. 4